UEC需求响应与电动汽车充电: 现状和未来计划
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1978年的公用事业监管政策法案(PURPA), 经2021年《mg老虎机游戏》修订, (“IIJA 2021”)建立了新的标准 (1) 需求响应实践，以及 (2) 电动汽车充电方案. The PURPA statute requires 乌玛提拉电力合作社 (UEC) to determine whether or not it is appropriate to implement such standards to carry out the purposes of PURPA.
PURPA的目标仍然与1978年最初的法案中所述的目标相同，即鼓励 (1) 节约电力公司提供的能量. (2) 电力设施和资源的最优效率. (3) 为电力消费者提供公平的电价. 第一个目标侧重于零售能源用户，并促进终端用户的节能. 第二个目标适用于电力公司, 他们对能源的使用, 以及他们用来输送能源的设施. 第三个目标认识到有必要对零售利率进行适当的发展和管理, 提供与其他两个目标相关的检查和平衡, 为了使程序, 政策, 电力公司为实现前两个目标而采用的费率反映了它们的相关成本，并不是武断的, 不公平的, 或者过度歧视.
The federal legislation anticipates that non-regulated electric utilities such as UEC would need to consider utility-specific conditions and circumstances during their evaluation of the PURPA standards. 除了, 每个实用程序将通过实现两个新的PURPA标准来确定其实现PURPA目标的能力. 因为这个原因, 两个PURPA标准中的每一个, 理事会可以决定实施IIJA 2021中规定的标准, 实施对标准的修改, 或者拒绝执行标准. 根据收到和审查额外的证据, 如果有任何, 下面的注释, and recommendations address the general considerations regarding each of the two standards and specific issues and circumstances applicable to UEC.
The purpose of this outline is to provide information and recommendations to the UEC Board of Directors (Board) in making their determination on whether to implement each of the two new standards based upon findings that are appropriate for the members of UEC.
关键的主题
UEC has several organizational and operational characteristics that should materially influence the Board’s consideration of the PURPA standards. 首先，UEC是成员所有的，因此是自我监管的. UEC的会员业主选举董事会，建立和监督UEC的政策, 利率, 服务规则, 法规. UEC是一个非营利组织. 超过营业费用(利润率)的收入作为资本信贷分配给UEC成员. 在这种组织形式下, 与项目相关的所有费用, 政策, 而为实施《mg老虎机游戏》的标准而采用的费率，则全部由委员会成员承担.
对于需求响应, 该标准要求公用事业“促进商业需求响应和需求灵活性实践的使用”, 住宅和工业用户在需求异常高的时期减少用电量.” The standard would allow a non-regulated utility to establish rate mechanisms to timely recover the costs of promoting such demand response practices.
运输电气化, 该标准要求实用程序考虑度量, 包括确定下列费率:
- 推广可负担和公平的住宅电动汽车充电选择, 商业, 以及公共电动汽车充电基础设施;
- 改善与电动车充电相关的客户体验, 包括通过减少充电时间为轻, 中期, 重型车辆;
- 加快第三方投资电动汽车轻充电, 中期, 重型车辆; and
- Appropriately recover the marginal costs of delivering electricity to electric vehicles and electric vehicle charging infrastructure.
UEC为广泛的成员提供服务，这些成员可以根据他们的费率表进行分类. 农村系统包括峰值需求不超过10兆瓦的成员. 这些包括住宅、小型和大型商业、灌溉和工业费率等级. Those members with peak demand greater than 10 MW and meet the requirements to be designated as New Large Single Load (NLSL) by Bonville Power Administration (BPA) are classified as “large 工业”.
UEC purchases the bulk of power and transmission services for the rural system through an all-requirements obligation with the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA). BPA的电力成本结构有一个很小的基于需求的计费决定因素，仅占总成本的10%, 因此，无论需求高峰如何，UEC的固定成本全年保持一致. 从BPA 2024-2025财政年度开始，UEC将从BPA购买为农村系统服务所需的所有电力. 农村系统成员的传输服务通过网络传输服务购买, 它有一个相对较小的按需计费费率($/kW). 计费决定因素(kW)是根据农村系统每月的实际零售峰值负荷设置的, 因此, 降低一个月的需求并不能降低随后几个月的输电成本. The “low” cost and difficulty in targeting a monthly system peak greatly reduce the ability of UEC to decrease its transmission costs through the implementation of DR programs.
对于较大的工业成员，UEC通过长期电力供应协议(PSA)和公开市场购买电力. 电力成本直接转嫁给符合条件的大型工业成员. 这些购买是基于预测的能源使用，没有基于需求的计费决定因素.
Implementation of a demand response program and 利率 would not significantly reduce UEC’s wholesale power supply or transmission costs which are passed through to its members. 结果是, 任何需求响应计划和费率都不太可能在关键需求时期减少零售负荷.
根据UEC目前的EE计划, UEC提供了一个双重的解决方案组合，提供回扣，专注于 (1) 机械方面和 (2) 结构方面. 针对机械部件的项目包括一个2级电动汽车充电器, 智能恒温器, 照明和制冷系统, 变频驱动(VFD)灌溉泵, 暖通空调热泵, 以及热泵热水器返利. 针对结构要素的项目包括防风雨退税, 节能家居退税, 并获得免费的家庭能源评估. 如果一个成员安装热泵或热水器比基本标准更有效和/或利用智能恒温器, 在用电高峰期，这些发电机组的用电量很可能比正常情况下要少. 确保一个成员的结构外壳尽可能紧密，也减少了能源的使用, 可能是在需求高峰时期. UEC还鼓励安装热泵作为制造家庭更换计划的一部分. 热泵的使用将减少与空间加热相关的使用，否则将使用电阻热条.
另外, UEC为其商业广告提供回扣, 工业, 灌溉, 农业成员鼓励在更换或安装新设备时选择更有效的选择. 这包括UEC继续鼓励其灌溉成员使用变频驱动器(vfd). 叫做科学灌溉计划(SIS)计划, UEC recognized the benefits of the program and continued to offer and fund it to its members after federal funding was discontinued in 2018. 仅2022年一年, SIS项目帮助17个灌溉者减少了8个用水量,761英亩英尺，产出7,810,节省880千瓦时近40,000英亩土地. 这相当于将近30亿加仑的水——足以装满4个,602个奥运会规模的游泳池，而这相当于565个全电动家庭一年所需的能源.
最后, UEC为拥有分布式发电设施的会员提供太阳能回扣和净计量. 太阳能光伏系统是UEC服务区域内主要的分布式能源. 太阳能光伏发电系统的发电剖面与高峰需求期相当吻合, 帮助减少会员的使用, 尤其是在需求高峰期.
UEC’s existing and expected future 能源效率 Measures operate to promote the use of demand-response and demand flexibility practices by 商业, 住宅和工业用户在需求异常高的时期减少用电量. UEC’s existing practices are adequate and sufficient to promote demand response for its members and are consistent with the goals of PURPA.
UEC积极致力于在其服务区域内推进电动汽车(EV)充电选择. 自2019年以来，UEC为在家中或企业安装2级充电器的会员提供200美元的回扣. 从2023年开始, UEC已征求赠款资金，以提供额外的1美元,最多25个安装二级充电器的家庭成员可获得2,000美元的回扣. 安装二级充电器的成本, 包括设备和安装人工, 价格在750美元到2美元之间,500美元，视房屋状况而定. UEC的综合回扣为1美元,200美元提供了购买和安装二级充电器的总成本的很大一部分.
UEC is also evaluating EV-specific rate tariffs to provide innovative options to members owning and operating Level 2 and 3 charging facilities. These rate options will be designed to help spur EV charging infrastructure while also ensuring these high-load installations properly recover the cost to serve them. 另外, UEC已经订购了用于车队运营的电动汽车，并正在考虑在总部安装2级充电器. 这些充电器将用于支持其电动汽车车队，并为公众提供另一个充电点. 除了轻型电动汽车, UEC is also exploring how its fleet can benefit from adding Smart electrical PTO’s to operate the hydraulics for heavy-duty bucket trucks. These advanced bucket trucks use large batteries to power their stationary operations instead of using the internal combustion engine, 节省燃油, 减少排放, 延长卡车的使用寿命.
UEC的服务区域处于有利地位，可以推动对额外电动汽车充电基础设施的投资. 两条州际公路横贯UEC领土. 在乌马蒂拉和莫罗县, 根据俄勒冈州电动汽车仪表板1，共有237辆注册电动汽车. 虽然目前只有少数UEC成员拥有电动汽车, 很有可能会有更多的电动汽车通过UEC的服务区域. UEC继续与州政府合作寻找机会, 区域, and federal agencies to identify additional locations for EV chargers and to obtain available grant dollars to help stimulate more local investment. UEC的服务区域与主要交通要道对齐，为该地区带来了许多交通枢纽. 随着电动汽车行业迅速从轻型汽车扩展到卡车运输行业, UEC有机会与这些重型卡车制造商合作, 配送中心, 以及未来的旅游中心，了解他们为商业车队提供电气化和服务的目标. UEC’s work with these 商业 trucking businesses to prepare for adding large electricity-consuming 商业 charging infrastructure allows UEC to understand the magnitude and timing of needed distribution system upgrades.
UEC is active in the EV charging sector and continues to grow its experience with EVs and opportunities to help members enter the EV market.
UEC’s existing and expected future electric vehicle charging programs operate to promote the greater electrification of the transportation sector impacting its members. 现有的UEC计划特别提倡(1)负担得起的充电选择, (b)改善电动汽车充电的客户体验, (三)加快第三方在电动汽车充电领域的投资. UEC’s existing practices are adequate and sufficient to promote transportation electrification for its members and are consistent with the goals of PURPA.
乌玛提拉电力合作社 continues to support its members with effective energy efficiency and electric vehicle charging programs that (a) incentivize the use of energy-saving tools proven to consistently reduce power usage, (b)促进影响成员资格的运输部门电气化. UEC目前不建议实施额外的标准或实践.